The United Kingdom has issued economic sanctions against **Cryptomus**, a chameleonic cryptocurrency platform that experts say serves as a major conduit for payments related to ransomware, narcotics, darknet markets, fraud, and cybercrime services that are helping Russia circumvent existing financial restrictions.  On October 8, the U.K. issued sanctions against **Cryptomus** — previously known as **Certa Payments** and **Xeltox Enterprises** — for processing payments that benefit the Russian government and its financial institutions. The sanctions freeze any Cryptomus assets at U.K. banks and bar British companies from offering it any business, virtual or otherwise. Also targeted in these sanctions were the virtual payment platforms **VexPay**, **TokenSpot**, and the **Tsunami Payments service**. As explained in our December 2024 investigation, “How Cryptocurrency Turns to Cash in Russian Banks,” Cryptomus has been a key payment processor for dozens of Russian cryptocurrency exchanges and websites hawking cybercrime services. The company has changed its name several times since emerging in 2022, most recently to “**Heleket**” last year after Canada levied a record CAD $176 million fine against the platform for anti-money laundering violations. ### Illicit Funds and Evolving Tactics The blockchain data-crunching firm **Chainalysis** said the U.K. sanctions target the broader infrastructure supporting Russia’s wartime economy. “Cryptomus and Heleket have emerged as major payment hubs for illicit activity,” Chainalysis wrote in an October 8 blog post. “Together, these services received more illicit funds across tracked categories than the mixers in our dataset and the number of illicit counterparties surged to more than 900 in a single month in late 2025.”  In April 2026, the blockchain analysis firm **TRM Labs** found Cryptomus had processed more than $7 billion in transactions since its inception in 2022, including transactions associated with child sexual abuse material vendors, terrorist financing networks, and human trafficking operations. TRM noted that Cryptomus’s transaction volume cratered after the platform instituted new “know your customer” or KYC rules, and that the cryptocurrency platform responded to the Canadian fines by launching Heleket as a parallel service that continued to offer no-KYC payment processing. ### The Impact of Sanctions **Richard Sanders**, a blockchain analyst and investigator, spent months mapping out Cryptomus’s payment infrastructure and transacting with its customers. Sanders said the U.K. sanctions on Cryptomus are important because Canada’s sanctions against the platform were ultimately unenforceable and uncollectible. “A fine doesn’t stop a cryptocurrency payment processor from processing payments,” Sanders wrote on LinkedIn. “Sanctions kill the operation. The distinction matters.” As our 2024 investigation noted, Cryptomus shared a Vancouver address with dozens of other foreign currency dealers and money transfer businesses — none of which appeared to be physically located there. Following the CAD $176 million fine for alleged money laundering violations, Cryptomus appealed the penalty, launched Heleket as a parallel service, and kept on processing large volumes of sketchy transactions, Sanders said. Sanders said the sanctions also are notable because they are the first known instance of a “Five Eyes” country (referring to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the U.K., and the U.S.) sanctioning a cryptocurrency operation incorporated in another Five Eyes jurisdiction. ### The Illusion of Legitimacy Where do entities like Cryptomus and Heleket derive their authority to offer international financial services? The answer appears to involve fake financial institutions overseen by a phony regulatory body positioned in a country that is not widely recognized as a sovereign nation. Our 2024 investigation found the sole shareholder of Cryptomus’s parent company Certa Payments was a 25-year-old Ukrainian woman who also headed several other firms, including the **WS Management and Advisory Corporation**, which bills itself as the regulatory body that exclusively oversees licenses for cryptocurrency, foreign exchange, and online gaming businesses incorporated in the disputed region in northwest Africa known as the **Western Sahara**. That entity’s website — crasadr.com — says it assists applicants with bank setup and formation, online gaming licenses, and the creation and licensing of foreign exchange brokers. One of Certa Payments’ former sites — certa[.]website — also shared a server with 12 other domains, including rasd-state[.]ws, a website for the Central Reserve Authority of the Western Sahara.